Pezeshkian, a seasoned politician with a background in medicine, emerged victorious in the presidential runoff, securing a decisive win against his conservative rival, Saeed Jalili. His campaign resonated with many Iranians, particularly the youth and urban voters, who were drawn to his promises of economic reform, social justice, and greater inclusivity.
One of the key aspects of Pezeshkian's platform was his emphasis on diversity and representation. Born to an Azeri father and a Kurdish mother, he has long advocated for the inclusion of ethnic and religious minorities in the government. During the campaign, he highlighted the absence of Sunni Kurds in high-ranking positions, pledging to rectify this imbalance and promote unity within Iran’s diverse population.
Pezeshkian's foreign policy stance is anticipated to be less confrontational than that of his predecessor, Ebrahim Raisi. He has expressed a desire to revive the 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, arguing that lifting U.S. sanctions and attracting foreign investment are crucial for Iran's economic growth. His choice of advisor, former Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, underscores this commitment. Zarif, instrumental in the original nuclear deal negotiations, is expected to play a significant role in Pezeshkian's administration.
While Pezeshkian supports the Revolutionary Guards and Iran's missile and drone programs, he has also called for improving relations with Western countries and regional neighbors. He believes that Iran's strategic location makes it a potential hub for trade and tourism, provided that diplomatic ties are strengthened. His approach contrasts with the more isolationist policies of his predecessors and suggests a pragmatic shift towards engagement and economic development.
Pezeshkian’s victory and his subsequent policies are likely to impact Iran's relationship with Saudi Arabia. Diplomatic relations between the two countries, severed in 2016, were restored in 2023 through a China-brokered deal. The Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has expressed a willingness to deepen bilateral ties, congratulating Pezeshkian on his electoral success.
On the domestic front, Pezeshkian faces significant challenges. Iran's economy is struggling with high inflation, unemployment, and the effects of international sanctions. He has promised comprehensive economic reforms to address these issues, focusing on reducing government corruption, increasing transparency, and fostering a more favorable business environment.
Moreover, Pezeshkian's administration is expected to tackle social issues, including women's rights and freedom of expression. Although he has not promised radical changes, his reformist background suggests a more progressive stance compared to his conservative predecessors. His administration’s success in these areas will depend on navigating the complex power structures within Iran, including the influence of the Supreme Leader and the Revolutionary Guards.
Pezeshkian’s presidency marks a hopeful period for many Iranians yearning for change. His policies aim to balance Iran’s domestic needs with its international ambitions, promoting stability and growth. As he settles into his new role, the world will be closely watching to see how his administration addresses the myriad challenges facing Iran.
Sources:
- The Iran Primer
- WVIA